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Linux & Unix

Backup and Restore MySQL Databases on the shell

One way to create a backup of a MySQL database on the shell is to use the mysqldump command. Mysqldump…

Configure fail2ban to use route instead of iptables to block connections

Fail2ban uses iptables by default to block incoming connections when they exceed the max.  login retries. The iptables rules used…

How to Shutdown or Reboot Debian 10 (Buster)

Debian 10 has now fully switched to Systemd which means that the traditional commands to halt or reboot a system…

How to add a newline character when using echo command on Linux

This short guide shows you how to add a newline into a file by using the echo command on the…

Redirect domains without www (e.g. domain.com) to www.domain.com with apache rewrite rules

If all your visitors shall access your website with a URL like www.domain.com and not without www, use the following…

How to change DNSSEC Algorithm in ISPConfig 3

This tutorial explains how to change your DNSSEC algorithm for a DNS zone managed by ISPConfig 3. In this case,…

Send all outgoing email trough one IP address in postfix

When a server has more than one IP address, then postfix will use all IP addresses randomly to send out…

How to open winmail.dat files on Ubuntu and Debian Linux

The winmail.dat file is a container file format used by Microsoft Outlook to send attachments in rich-text formatted emails. To…

Blocking .exe attachments with postfix or amavisd-new and ISPConfig 3

If you use postfix and / or amavisd-new on the mail server, you can use the following recipes to block…

How to Backup/Clear/Restore a SpamAssassin Bayes Database

Sometimes you might have to work with the Spamassin Bayes Token database. This is the database that is used by…

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